Abstract：Abstract：As far as the intellectual resource is concerned, Lu Xun has a dual underpainting of nationalism and cosmopolitanism, and this feature, predetermines that Lu Xun can keep open his mind to the outside world and simultaneously adhere to the Chinese tradition, constitute a prerequisite basis for his zealous translating and introducing of Oscar Wilde. By anatomizing differences ensconced in similarities between Lu Xun’s Wild Grass (1927) and Wilde’s works, this paper points out that in the process of translating and introducing Oscar Wilde's "decadent aestheticism", Lu Xun not only accepted and learned some positive elements of Wildean aestheticism (such as the use of color, imagism and symbolism), but also, based on the reality of China, undauntedly transformed and transcended the essential kernel of Wildean aestheticism in pursuing “publicity” of literature. As such Lu Xun successfully engaged and compounded together nationalism and cosmopolitanism in his literary creation. Key words: Mr. Lu Xun; Oscar Wilde; acceptance and transformation; publicity of literature
