Abstract：Abstract: In Paradise, Toni Morrison focuses on the Oven, the landmark of Ruby, to tell the stories belonging to the black families, which is about their compelling expel, tough journey, establishment and maintaining of their Paradise from the first generation to the third one. With the function of metaphor in narrative, Morrison combines landscape with it in order to write collective memory; in the meantime, focalization is employed to write personal memory. Miserable memories of the ancestors are embedded into the Oven, which unfolds the emotion involved in the collective memory and for which residents of Ruby are pulled together. By staring at the Oven, personal memory comes into being, so does personal emotion, which includes the emotion of the authority and the other as well as the elder generation and the younger generation. The conflicts between the black and the white are put forward since Morrison narrates memory in accordance to the landscape and write emotion on the base of memory.
Key words: Toni Morrison; Paradise; landscape; memory; emotion
